Key References

Abramiuk, Marc A. “A Recent Reconnaissance of the Central Helmand Valley.” Antiquity 91, no. 359 (2017): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2017.173

Abramiuk, Marc A. “Correlating Findings from the Central Helmand Archaeological Study (CHAS) with Those from Previous Surveys in the Central Helmand Valley, Afghanistan.” Afghanistan 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3366/afg.2019.0024

Allchin, Raymond, Warwick Ball, and Norman Hammond. The Archaeology of Afghanistan: From Earliest Times to the Timurid Period. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019.

Allen, Terry. Timurid Herat. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1983.

Andrews, F.H. “Painted Neolithic Pottery in Sistan. Burlington Magazine 47 (1925): 304–8.

Ball, Warwick. Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

Ball, Warwick. “Arachosia, Drangiana, and Areia.” In The Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek World, edited by Rachel Mairs. Abingdon UK: Routledge, 2021.

Besenval, R., and H.-P. Francfort. “The Nad-i Ali ‘Surkh Dagh’: A Bronze Age Monumental Platform in Central Asia?” In From Sumer to Meluhha: Contributions to the Archaeology of South and West Asia in Memory of George F. Dales, Jr., edited by J.M. Kenoyer. Wisconsin Archaeological Reports 3 (1994): 3–14.

Biscione, Raffaele, and Ali A. Vahdati. “The BMAC Presence in Eastern Iran: State of Affairs in December 2018—Towards the Greater Khorasan Civilization?” In The World of the Oxus Civilization, edited by Bertille Lyonnet and Nadezhda A. Dubova. Abingdon UK: Routledge, 2021.

Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. Sistan Under the Arabs, from the Islamic Conquest to the Rise of the Saffarids: 30–250/651–864. Rome: ISMeO, 1968.

Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz: 247/861 to 949/1542–3. Costa Mesa CA: Mazda Publishers, 1994.

Callieri, Pierfrancesco. “Sakas: In Afghanistan,” Encyclopadia Iranica, online edition, 2016. https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sakas-in-afghanistan

Casal, Jean-Marie. Fouilles de Mundigak. Mémoires de la délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan XVII. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1961.

Codrington, Oliver. “Note on Musalman Coins Collected by Mr. G. P. Tate in Seistan.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (October 1904): 681–686.

Codrington, Oliver. “Note on Musalman Coins Collected by Mr. G. P. Tate in Seistan.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (July 1905): 547–553.

Codrington, Oliver. “XXIII. Coins Collected by Sir A. Henry McMahon, K.C.I.E., in Seistan.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 43, no. 3 (July 1911): 779–784. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00041939

Costantini, L. and Tosi, M. "The environment of southern Sistan in the Third Millenium B.C., and its exploitation by the Proto‑urban Hilmand civilization:" in The Environmental History of the Near and Middle East, edited by W.C. Brice, London: Academic Press, (1978): 165‑182

Daffina, P. L’immigrazione dei Sakā nella Drangiana. Reports and Memoirs 9. Rome: ISMeO 1967.

Dales, George F. “Prehistoric Research in Southern Afghan Seistan.” Afghanistan 25, no. 4 (1972): 14–40.

Dales, George F. “New Excavations at Nad-i-Ali (Sorkh Dagh), Afghanistan.” Research Monograph Series, Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies. Berkeley: University of California, 1977a.

Dales, George F. “Hissar IIIC Stone Objects in Afghan Seistan.” In Mountains and Lowlands: Essays on the Archaeology of Greater Mesopotamia, edited by Louis D. Levine and T. Cuyler Young, Jr., 17–27. Malibu: Undena, 1977b.

Dales, George F. “Stone Sculptures from the Protohistoric Helmand Civilization, Afghanistan.” In Orientalia Iosephi Tucci Memoriae Dicata, Siee Orientale Roma, edited by G. Gnoli and L. Lanciotti. Serie Orientale Roma LVI, no.1, 219–224. Rome: ISMeO, 1985.

Dales, George F. “A Line in the Sand.” In South Asian Archaeological Studies, edited by G. Possehl, 19–32. New Delhi and Oxford: IBH, 1992.

Dales, George F., and Louis Flam. “On Tracking Woolly Kullis and the Like.” Expedition XII, no.1 (1969): 15–23.

Dupree, Louis. Shamshir Ghar: A Historic Cave Site in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 46, no. 2 (1957): 141–311. https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/96

Dupree, Louis. Deh Morasi Ghundai. A Chalcolithic Site in South-Central Afghanistan. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 50, no. 2 (1963): 59–135. https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/151

Fairservis, Walter A. Jr. Archaeological Studies in the Seistan Basin of Southwestern Afghanistan and Eastern Iran. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 48, no. 1. (1961). https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/265

Fischer, Klaus. “Recent Research in Ancient Seistan.” Afghanistan 16, no. 2 (1961): 30–39.

Fischer, Klaus. “Preliminary Remarks on Archaeological Survey in Afghanistan.” Zentralasiatische Studien 3 (1969): 327–408.

Fischer, Klaus. “Archaeological Studies in Seistan and Adjacent Areas.” Afghanistan 22, nos. 3–4 (1969–1970): 91–107.

Fischer, Klaus. “Projects of Archaeological Maps from Afghan Seistan between 31 20 to 30 50 N and 62 00 to 62 10 E.” Zentralasiatische Studien 4 (1970): 483–534.

Fischer, Klaus. “Types of Architectural Remains in the Northern Part of Afghan Seistan.” Bulletin of the Asia Institute of Pahlavi University 2 (1971a): 40–72.

Fischer, Klaus. “Historical, Geographical, and Philological Studies on Seistan by Bosworth, Daffina, and Gnoli in the Light of Recent Archaeological Field Surveys.” East and West 21 (1971b): 45–51.

Fischer, Klaus. “Nimruz and the Archaeology of Afghanistan.” Afghanistan 26, no. 3 (1973a): 1–16.
 

Fischer, Klaus. “Archaeological Field Surveys in Afghan Seistan 1960–1970.” In South Asian Archaeology: Papers from the First International Conference of South Asian Archaeologists held in the University of Cambridge, July 1971, edited by N. Hammond, 131–155. London: Duckworth, 1973b.

Fischer, Klaus. Nimruz: Geländebegehungen in Sistan 1955–1973 und die Aufnahme von Dewal-i Khodaydad. Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag GmbH, 1974–1976.

Fischer, Klaus. “Archaeological Fieldwork in Afghan Sistan and Current Research on Eastern Iranian Architecture.” In Forschungsprojekt DFG Mohenjo-daro: Dokumentation in der Archäologie, Techniken, Methoden, Analysen. Veroeffentlichung der Seminarbeitraege, 5–6 Dez. 1981, edited by G. Urban and M. Jansen, 81–89. Aachen: Lehrstuhl fuer Baugeschichte und Denkmalpflege, 1983.

Franke, Ute, and Thomas Urban. Excavations and Explorations in Herat City, Ancient Herat 2. Berlin: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, 2017.

Gardin, Jean-Claude. “Tessons de poterie musulmane provenant du Seistan Afghan.” In Diverses Recherches Archéologiques en Afghanistan (1933–1940), edited by J. Hackin, J. Carl, et J. Meunié, 30–37. Mémoires de la délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan VIII. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1959.

Ghanimati, Soroor. “New Perspectives on the Chronological and Functional Horizons of Kuh-e Khwaja in Sistan.” Iran 38 (2000): 137–150.

Ghirshman, R. “Fouilles de Nad-i-Ali dans le Seistan Afghan.” Revue des Arts Asiatique XIII (1939): 10–22.

Giunta, Roberta. “Islamic Ghazni. An IsIAO Archaeological Project in Afghanistan. A Preliminary Report (July 2004–June 2005).” East and West 55, no. 1–4 (2005): 473–484.

Gnoli, G. Richerche storiche sul Sistān antico. Asia, Reports and Memoirs 9. Rome: ISMeO, 1976.

Gold, Milton, trans. The Tarikh-e Sistan. Persian Heritage Series 20. Rome: ISMeO, 1976.

Hackin, J. “Recherches archéologiques dans la partie Afghane du Seistan.” In Diverses recherches archéologiques en Afghanistan (1933–1940), edited by J. Hackin, J. Carl, et J. Meunié, Mémoires de la delegation archéologique française en Afghanistan VIII, 21–37. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1959.

Hammond, Norman. “Archaeological Reconnaissance in the Helmand Valley, Southern Afghanistan.” East and West 29 (1970): 437–459.

Kavosh, Hossein Ali, Massimo Vidale, and Hassna Fazeli Nashli. Tappeh Graziani, Sistan, Iran: Stratigraphy, Formation Processes and Chronology of a Suburban site of Shahr-i Sokhta. ISMeO, Serie Orientale Roma Nuova Serie 18. Rome: Edizioni Antilia, 2019.

Karvigh, Hassan Ahmadi. Zoroaster’s Time Based on New Geological Findings in Seistan. Lambert, 2020.

Karvigh, Hassan Ahmadi.   "The Chronology of Helmand Changes in Seistan." Afghanistan 5: 1-29

Mehrafarin, Reza. “Alexander the Great: In the Realm of the Evergetaes.” Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 16, no. 1 (2016): 1–8.

Mehrafarin, Reza, and Seyyed Rassool Mousavi Haji. “In Search of Ram Shahrestan: The Capital of the Sistan Province in the Sassanid Era.” Central Asiatic Journal 54, no. 2 (2010): 256–272.

Mehrafarin, Reza, Seyyed Rasoul Mousavi Haji, Seyyedeh Leila Bani Jamali. “Archaeological Survey of Kooh-e Khajeh in Sistan.” International Journal of the Humanities 18 (2011): 3–63.

Meyer, Agnès. “Concurrence, coopération et collaboration en archeology: l’exemple du Seistan, 1908–1984.” Dissertation Archéologie et Préhistoire. Université Pantheon-Sorbonne – Paris I, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H121

Mortazavi, Mehdi. “Mind the Gap: Continuity and Change in Iranian Sistan Archaeology.” Near Eastern Archaeology 70:2 (2007): 109–110.

Radermacher, H., "Historical Irrigation Systems in Afghan Sistan: Their Origin, Their Decline, and Possibilities of Their Reconstruction." Annual Bulletin of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (1974): 34-42. 

Rapson, E. J. “Note on Ancient Coins Collected in Seistan by Mr. G.P. Tate, of the Seistan Boundary Commission.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (Oct 1904): 673–680.

Rashki, A., Kaskaoutis, D.G., Francois, P., Kosmopoulos, P.G., Legrand, M., 2015. Dust storm dynamics over Sistan region, Iran: Seasonality, transport characteristics and affected areas. Aeolian Research 16, 35–48.

Scerrato, Umberto. “Excavations at Dahan-i-Ghulaman (Seistan-Iran), First Preliminary Report (1962–1963).” East and West 16 (1966): 9–30.

Schlumberger, Daniel, Janine Sourdel-Thomine, and Jean Claude Gardin. Lashkari Bazar: Une residence royale ghaznévide et ghoride. Vol. 1: L’architecture. Mémoires de la délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan XVIII. Paris: Defission de Boccard, 1963–1978.

Stein, Aurel. Innermost Asia: Detailed Report of Explorations in Central Asia, Kan-Su and Eastern Iran, 4 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1928. http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/T-VIII-5-A-a-3/V-1/

Talebian, Mohammad Hassan. Shahr-i Sokhta, UNESCO World Heritage Sites. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1456

Tate, George Passman. “Coins and Seals Collected in Seistan, 1903–4.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (October 1904): 663–672.

Tate, George Passman. The Frontiers of Baluchistan. London: Witherby and Co., 1909. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno/136/

Tate, George Passman. Seistan. A Memoir on the History, Topography, Ruins, and People of the Country, 2 vols. Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1910–12. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43415

Thomas, David C., and Fiona J. Kidd. “On the Margins: Enduring Pre-Modern Water Management Strategies in and Around the Registan Desert, Afghanistan.” Journal of Field Archaeology 42, no. 1 (2017): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2016.1262188

Tosi, Maurizio. Prehistoric Sistan 1. Reports and Memoirs, XIX, no. 1. Rome: IsMEO, 1983.

Trousdale, William, ed. The Gordon Creeds in Afghanistan 1839 and 1878–79. Putney, London: BACSA, 1984.

Trousdale, William B. War in Afghanistan, 1879–80: The Personal Diary of Major General Sir Charles Metcalfe MacGregor. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1985.